Human factors in anaesthesia for oral cancer surgery: a review
Human factors in anaesthesia for oral cancer surgery: a review
Review Article
口腔癌手术麻醉中的人因学:一项综述
Nicola J. Hogan1, Alistair F. McNarry2
1St John’s Hospital, Livingston, NHS Lothian, Scotland, UK;
2Department of Anaesthesia, St John’s Hospital and The Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Scotland, UK
Contributions: (I) Conception and design: Both authors; (II) Administrative support: Both authors; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: None; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: Both authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: Both authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: Both authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: Both authors.
Correspondence to: Alistair F. McNarry. Consultant Anaesthetist, Department of Anaesthesia, St John’s Hospital, Howden West Road, Livingston, EH54 6PP, Scotland, UK. Email: althegasman@btinternet.com.
摘要:人因与工效学(human factors and ergonomics,HFE)在医疗领域的影响得到了越来越多的认可。人因失误不再被视作某个临床医生因一时疏忽而犯下的错误,而是被视为一个多因素事件,涉及生理学、系统设计和团队合作。一个“饥愤(饥饿和愤怒)交加”的临床医生不可能在手术台上发挥出最佳水平,即使是最资深的临床麻醉医生也会固着于气管插管等任务,尽管当下有更合适且可立即使用的替代性吸氧策略。医疗失误每年都会导致许多本可以避免的死亡事件,因此,所有医疗服务提供者都有义务思考如何减少这种失误的发生。口腔癌手术麻醉情况复杂,即使是初级气道管理也可能具有挑战性,患者可能有多种合并症(如心血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺病)、气道远离麻醉医生、手术的大部分时间需要与外科医生共享气道、手术时间可能很长且需要在手术期间进行多次团队交接。本综述旨在概述口腔癌手术麻醉领域的人因与工效学,介绍了减少失误和保障患者安全的策略,包括规避导致失误发生的因素(规划系统使其具有自动防止故障的性能)、设立减少失误发生的屏障、降低失误发生后的影响并限制其传播。本综述探讨了人因与工效学的科学方法,突出了所有临床医生都可以采用的一些工具,以更好地改善他们的临床工作。
关键词:人因与工效学(HFE);人类工作效率;医疗失误;气道管理;不良事件预防
Received: 29 November 2022; Accepted: 22 March 2023; Published online: 31 March 2023.
英国特许人类工效学与人因研究所(The Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors)将工效学定义为“关注对人和系统中其他元素之间相互作用的理解的科学学科,以及将理论、原则、数据和方法应用于设计,以优化人类福祉和整体系统性能的专业”[2]。该研究所还评论称:“我们认为工效学和人因学指的是同一件事。在某些情况下或某些部门中,使用的术语有所不同。例如,‘工效学’往往更多地用于办公室,而‘人因学’则多用于医疗卫生、国防和能源部门”。
临床人为因素小组(Clinical Human Factors Group)是一个为帮助解决医疗领域与人为因素有关的失误而成立的慈善机构,它将临床人为因素描述为“影响行为的组织、个人、环境和工作特征,这些特征可能会影响安全……在临床和医疗方面,这意味着生命受到威胁”[3]。
背景
虽然有不同的人为因素定义,但重要的是这些定义的影响。强调人为因素失误所付出代价的虽然只是个别案例[4,5],但科学研究表明了问题的潜在规模。美国的研究报告指出,每年可能有多达251 000例死亡由医疗失误造成——这些事件本可以被避免,或者至少能被缓解[6-9]。Flin及其同事在英国皇家麻醉医师学院和困难气道协会的第四次全国审计项目(Fourth National Audit Project,NAP4)中发现,每个病例平均有4个人为因素失误,该项目报告了与气道管理有关的所有发病率和死亡率[10,11]。最常见的人为因素是:未能预测、决策错误、任务困难、人员配置不当、时间压力、疲劳、饥饿、压力、沟通不畅和能力有限[12]。
全球气道管理项目组(Project for the Universal Management of the Airway,PUMA)关于预防未识别的食管插管的指南[46]中也指出,“临床医生否认”是导致危急事件的一个可能因素——在这种情况下,临床麻醉医生没有向自己或团队承认他们可能未能有效插入气管导管。引入硬性规则(例如,7个呼气末二氧化碳波形)有助于在场的其他人员对这一潜在的灾难性事件提出质疑,但前提是当下能采取适当的行动。
The authors are grateful to Dr. Patrick Ward (Consultant Anaesthetist, St John’s Hospital) for his help and guidance.
Funding: None.
Footnote
Provenance and Peer Review: This article was commissioned by the Guest Editors (Patrick Ward and Michael Irwin) for the series “Anaesthesia for Oral Cancer” published in Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Anesthesia. The article has undergone external peer review.
Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://joma.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/joma-22-40/coif). The series “Anaesthesia for Oral Cancer” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. AFM declares the consultancy fees in relationship to OPTIFLOW and THRIVE and the honoraria for lectures and presentations in relation to the McGrath Mac videolaryngoscope. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.
Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
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审校介绍 夏明 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院麻醉科副主任医师,副教授,硕士研究生导师,人工智能课题组长。Journal of Medical Artificial Intelligence(JMAI)主编,Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Anesthesia(JOMA)执行主编,中华口腔医学会口腔麻醉专业委员会全国常务委员,中华口腔医学会镇静镇痛专委会全国常务委员,中国康复医学会疼痛康复专委会全国委员。(更新时间:2023-05-11)
(本译文仅供学术交流,实际内容请以英文原文为准。)
doi: 10.21037/joma-22-40 Cite this article as: Hogan NJ, McNarry AF. Human factors in anaesthesia for oral cancer surgery: a review. J Oral Maxillofac Anesth 2023;2:5.